Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) significantly contribute to the development of vascular disease. The ability of VSMC to switch to a proliferative phenotype in response to environmental stimuli is a major factor in the progression of vascular disease. VSMC express the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and these molecules may promote several processes; such as VSMC proliferation, VSMC differentiation, and vascular inflammation. Human VSMC cultures play a critical role in the continuous advancement of therapies for brain vascular disease. These cells are useful tools to stablish in vitro disease models for High Throughput and High Content Screening applications.